How does a higher wing loading affect an aircraft during takeoff and landing?

A higher wing loading refers to a greater weight of the aircraft per unit of wing area. When wing loading increases, the aircraft must achieve a higher speed to generate the necessary lift to take off and land. This results in longer takeoff and landing distances.

During takeoff, as the wing loading increases, the aircraft reaches the critical speed, known as the "stalling speed," at a higher threshold. Because the aircraft needs to attain a higher airspeed for sufficient lift, this translates to a longer distance required to reach that speed before becoming airborne.

Similarly, during landing, the increased wing loading means that the aircraft will need a higher approach speed to maintain lift until touchdown. This can lead to a longer landing roll as well, since the aircraft will take more time and distance to decelerate to a complete stop after touching down.

In summary, a higher wing loading affects aircraft performance by increasing the required distances for both takeoff and landing, making option B the correct choice.