What is an aircraft's center of gravity (CG)?

The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is defined as the point where the total weight of the aircraft is considered to be concentrated. This point is critical for the stability and control of the aircraft because it influences the moments and forces acting on the aircraft during flight. The location of the CG affects how the aircraft behaves in terms of pitch and roll, and it is essential for maintaining balance and structural integrity.

Understanding the CG is important for flight operations, as it impacts how the aircraft handles during takeoff, flight, and landing. Proper loading and distribution of weight are crucial to keeping the CG within prescribed limits for safe operation. If the CG is too far forward or too far aft, it can lead to undesirable handling characteristics.

The other options, while they relate to aspects of aircraft performance or design, do not accurately define the center of gravity. For example, while the fuel capacity can be affected by weight distribution, it is not the same as the CG. Likewise, the distance from the nose to the tail is a measurement of length, not a representation of where the aircraft's weight is concentrated. Additionally, the point of maximum lift on the wing is related to aerodynamic performance, but it does not define the CG of the entire aircraft.