What is the primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps are pivotal aerodynamic devices located on the wings of an aircraft, primarily designed to enhance lift, especially during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. When deployed, flaps alter the wing's shape and increase its surface area, which allows the aircraft to generate more lift at lower airspeeds. This is crucial because, during takeoff and landing, the aircraft operates at lower velocities where maintaining sufficient lift is essential for safe operations.

Using flaps effectively enables pilots to operate the aircraft safely within a reduced speed range, which is particularly important in preventing stalling as the aircraft slows down during these maneuvers. While flaps can have secondary effects on drag, their main function is to facilitate increased lift under specific flight conditions rather than to optimize performance during cruise, enhance engine functionality, or stabilize the aircraft during turbulence.